Sludge Dewatering Test (PAC + Cationic PAM)
Find the best PAC and PAM dosages for your sludge.
What You Need

Step 1: Find Best PAC Dosage
Step 1: Finding the Optimal PAC Dosage
Mix the sludge fully. Pour 1000 ml of sludge water into 6 beakers.
Add the PAC solution as follows:
Stir rapidly (200-300 rpm , about 30-60 seconds)
Stir slowly (40-60 rpm, about 2-5 minutes).
Let stand for 5-10 minutes.

Option the 1-2 beakers with the largest, densest flocs, find optimal PAC dosage.
Step 2: Find Best PAM Dosage
Treat all beakers using the optimal PAC dosage from Step 1 (e.g., beaker #6: 10 ml PAC).
Add different amounts of 0.2% PAM solution.
Stir slowly (40-60 rpm for 2-3 minutes).
Let stand for 10-20 minutes.

Pick the beaker with:
✅ Largest, densest flocs
✅ Fastest settling
✅ Clearest supernatant
This is your optimal PAM dosage.

Critical Rules
Rule | Why |
PAC first, then PAM | Order cannot be reversed |
PAM is very little | ~1/500 to 1/200 of PAC dose |
Mix sludge well before use | Ensures same starting condition |
Use PAM within 24 hours | Solution degrades quickly |
Troubleshooting
Problem | Cause | Fix |
Small flocs, slow settling | Too little PAC/PAM | Increase dose |
Floating flocs, no settling | Too much PAM | Decrease PAM |
Flocs break apart | Mixing too fast | Reduce speed |
Summary
6 beakers, same sludge (1L each)
Add PAC, then add PAM
Pick the beaker with the best flocs, fastest settling, and clearest water
That's your optimal dosage.
